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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... VII

1.1 SERVICE CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS...................................................................... VII

2. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 1

2.1 CONVERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES ........................................................... 1
2.2 A MARKET PERSPECTIVE OF A FUTURE CONVERGING WORLD ........................................ 1

3. CONTENT FRAMEWORK ARCHITECTURE ........................................................... 4

3.1 SERVICE TYPES............................................................................................................ 4
3.2 CONTENT QUALIFIERS................................................................................................... 4
3.3 CONTENT AGGREGATION, DISSEMINATION AND CONSUMPTION ARCHITECTURE............... 5
3.4 FROM DESCRIPTIONS TO CONTENT................................................................................ 6
3.5 THE USE OF METADATA ................................................................................................ 7
3.6 PRESENCE TECHNOLOGY.............................................................................................. 9
3.7 PRESENCE AND ITS EVOLUTION ................................................................................... 10
3.8 MULTIMEDIA CODECS.................................................................................................. 12
3.8.1 Multimedia Architectures.................................................................................. 12
3.8.2 General Multimedia Codecs............................................................................. 12
3.8.3 Web Codecs..................................................................................................... 13
3.8.4 Multimedia CD-ROM and Presentation Codecs .............................................. 13
3.8.5 Hardware and Capture Codecs........................................................................ 13
3.8.6 Audio Codecs ................................................................................................... 14

4. ACCESS AND NETWORK ASPECTS.................................................................... 15

4.1 MOBILE NETWORKS .................................................................................................... 15
4.2 FIXED WIRELESS NETWORKS ...................................................................................... 16
4.3 BROADCAST NETWORKS ............................................................................................. 16
4.4 SHORT RANGE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................ 16
4.5 NETWORK SCENARIOS ................................................................................................ 20
4.5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 20
4.5.2 Content Sharing ............................................................................................... 20
4.5.3 A Return Channel using UMTS........................................................................ 21
4.5.4 Network Sharing and Terminal Integration....................................................... 23
4.5.5 DxB as an Extension to UMTS/3G................................................................... 23
4.6 LEGAL ASPECTS ......................................................................................................... 23
4.6.1 Legal Aspects for Cellular-Broadcasting Convergence ................................... 23
4.6.2 Questions Raised on Terminals ....................................................................... 24

5. APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES........................................................................... 25

5.1 THE COMPONENTS OF A 3G APPLICATION.................................................................... 25
5.1.1 Basic Elements................................................................................................. 25
5.1.2 Privacy and Security......................................................................................... 27
5.1.3 Authentication, Authorisation and Accounting ................................................. 31
5.2 EXISTING STANDARDISATION WORK ............................................................................ 33
5.2.1 Main Standardisation Bodies and Specification Providers............................... 35
5.2.2 Open Items in Standardisation......................................................................... 38
5.2.3 High-Level Requirements on Standards .......................................................... 38
5.3 APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 39
5.3.1 Application Platforms........................................................................................ 39
5.3.2 Operating Systems........................................................................................... 40
5.3.3 Design and User Interface ............................................................................... 40

6. APPLICATION AND CONTENT DELIVERY MODELLING.................................... 44

6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 44
6.2 SAMPLE APPLICATION MODELS FOR A MUSIC-ON-DEMAND SERVICE ............................. 44
6.3 PROPOSAL FOR A REFINEMENT OF THE ANALYTICAL APPROACH.................................... 47
6.3.1 Levels of Signalling .......................................................................................... 47
6.3.2 Differentiation between Audio and Visual Content........................................... 49
6.4 3G TRAFFIC ASYMMETRY............................................................................................ 49

7. LOCATION-BASED SERVICES.............................................................................. 52

7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 52
7.2 VALUE AND INFORMATION CHAINS ............................................................................... 52
7.3 MULTIPLICITY OF POSITIONING METHODS .................................................................... 54
7.4 IMPACT ON NETWORKS ............................................................................................... 57
7.5 IMPACT ON TERMINALS................................................................................................ 58
7.6 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSITIONING TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES ......................... 59
7.7 STANDARDISATION REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERFACES................................................... 60
7.8 SERVICE CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................................... 61
7.8.1 Mobile Equipment-Initiated Location Services ................................................. 62
7.8.2 Third Party-Initiated Services ........................................................................... 62
7.9 SERVICE USAGE SCENARIOS....................................................................................... 63
7.9.1 General User Perceptions................................................................................ 63
7.9.2 Usage Scenario for Navigation Services.......................................................... 63
7.9.3 Usage Scenario for Friend Finder Service....................................................... 64
7.10 CHARGING MODELS.................................................................................................... 65
7.11 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR 3G LOCATION SERVICES....................................................... 66

8. BILLING & CHARGING........................................................................................... 67

8.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 67
8.2 CHARGING AND BILLING PRINCIPLES............................................................................ 67
8.2.1 What are the Services that UMTS will Enable? ............................................... 67
8.2.2 What are the Charging Attributes to be Used? ................................................ 69
8.2.3 When is the User Notified of the Charge?........................................................ 72
8.2.4 What are the Bundling Options? ...................................................................... 73
8.2.5 How are the Payments Made?......................................................................... 74
8.2.6 How is the Revenue Distributed?..................................................................... 77
8.3 MOBILE RETAILING (M-TAILING) ................................................................................... 77
8.3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 77
8.3.2 Processes......................................................................................................... 78
8.3.3 Value Chain...................................................................................................... 83
8.3.4 Rating and Charging Attributes ........................................................................ 84
8.3.5 Standardisation Requirements......................................................................... 85
8.4 LOCATION-BASED SERVICES ....................................................................................... 85
8.4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 85
8.4.2 Processes......................................................................................................... 86
8.4.3 Value Chain...................................................................................................... 87
8.4.4 Rating and Charging Attributes ........................................................................ 87
8.5 BROADCASTING.......................................................................................................... 88
8.5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 88
8.5.2 Processes......................................................................................................... 88
8.5.3 Value Chain...................................................................................................... 92
8.5.4 Rating and Charging Attributes ........................................................................ 93

9. ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY...................................................................... 94

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................... 106